Date Your King Custom Pressings

In the early 1940's, Syd Nathan was having success selling used records in his downtown Cincinnati dry goods store. His customers were working-class Southern blacks and whites who, drawn by good paying factory jobs of the World War Two economic boom, had recently moved north to the Cincinnati area. In 1943, Nathan decided to make his own records to fill the demand for down-home blues, rhythm & blues and country music.

In 1945, Nathan borrowed money from friends and family, rented an old building and launched his own label - King Records. He hired white artists and black artists and marketed his records directly to local working-class whites and blacks. Nathan had many of his songs recorded by both black and white artists and successfully cross-marketed in the rhythm & blues and country markets. This cross-pollination of musical styles would be a major infulence for later artists in the development of rockabilly and popular rock and roll.

Nathan wanted King to be an entirely self-contained record company that could record, master, press, print and ship records entirely in-house. He created a subsidary company, Royal Plastics, to handle the pressing of records. In the early 1950's, a growing market for recording local artists was recognized. As the seven inch wide, 45 rpm format became popular many local artists and groups wanted to record their own record and try their luck in the booming music business. Somewhere around 1953-1954, King began to market their custom pressing services to local musicians. Over the next 15 years, King produced thousands of releases for small, independent labels and artists.

Recognizing King Custom Pressings:

Matrix Numbers: King matrix numbers are not significant in dating King custom pressings but they can give you clues that it is a King pressing. Early King matrix numbers typically (but not always) contain 3 bits of information:

Wheeling 1025 - Matrix / Account Numbers

1. Alpha - Identifies label name, affiliated label name or owners initials
2. 45 - format / speed
3. Label number with A or B to designate side or sequential number such as 1333 / 1334

Fraternity 00001 - Matrix / Account Numbers

Account Numbers: On early King pressings the account number is located in the matrix directly across the label from the matrix number. Later King pressings include the account number first as part of the matrix number. King assigned account numbers chronogically starting with number 301 sometime in 1954. Account numbers may be used to date the first release issued using that account number. Later releases under each account number may be estimated but can not be determined exactly without additional information such as Billboard reviews, etc. Account numbers earlier than 301 may exist but documentation is not yet complete. Examples of these earlier numbers may be - Excellent 219, Acme 227 and Wheeling 238 (see below).

Wheeling 1006 - See faint number 238 at upper right above

Around 1960, King pressings include the Account Number first as part of the Matrix Number:

Town-Crier 200 matrix # 776-45-200-B

Olimpic 244 matrix # 1068-45-244-A

WLC 630 matrix # 1298-45-630-B

Dating King Accout Numbers:

Syd Nathan died of heart disease complicated by pneumonia on March 5, 1968 in Miami, Florida. In October, King was sold to Starday Records and the custom pressing business in Cincinnati ended.